Acute renal failure

In nearly all cases oliguria occurs [G: oligos = few + ouron = urine]

(in the rest is nephrotoxic drugs or acute interstitial nephritis)

Pre-renal uraemia is your window when aggresive fluid resuscitation can rescue before acute tubular necrosis follow (you'll know you got it in time if you get a profuse diuresis)

In acute tubular necrosis

• Urine sodium                  >40 mmol/l
• Urine: plasma osmolality  <1:1
• Urine: plasma urea          <7:1

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